Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Agro-pastoralists in Tanzania
Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, Volume 21, Issue 2,
Page 30-39
DOI:
10.9734/ajaar/2023/v21i2414
Abstract
Climate change is seriously impacting the well-being of rural agro-pastoralists whose main livelihoods depend on rainfed agriculture. This study examined the factors that influence farmers' decisions to climate change adaptation measures. The study sampled 411 agro-pastoralist farmers and used factor analysis to extract correlated and uncorrelated adjustment strategies. These strategies include; Crop diversification, livestock diversification, small scale irrigation, rain-water harvesting and off-farm activities were found to be the adaptation strategies extracted by factor analysis as dependent variables. Results obtained by the study show that the five coefficients of the variables identified were negative while three were positive, suggesting that the propensity (tendency) of adapting a practice is conditioned by whether or not a practice in the subset has been adapted. Moreover, it is clear that in central and northern zones of Tanzania, age and access to communication media are strongly determined the decisions to adaptation strategies to climate change among the agro-pastoralists. Therefore, the paper recommends for designing policies that reflect the differences in ecology among agro-pastoralists.
- Adaptation strategies
- multivariate probit analysis
- complementarity
- substitutability
- Tanzania
How to Cite
References
IPCC. Summary for policymakers. In: Shukla PR, Skea J, Calvo Buendia E, Masson-Delmotte V, Pörtner H-O, Roberts DC, Zhai P, Slade R, Connors S, van Diemen R, Ferrat M, Haughey E, Luz S, Neogi S, Pathak M, Petzold J, Portugal Pereira J, Vyas P, Huntley E, Kissick K, Belkacemi M, Malley J, editors. Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems; 2019.DOI: 10.1017/9781009157988.001
IPCC. Summary for policymakers. Glob Warming of °C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. 2018;1(5):3-24.
Kimaro EG, Mor SM, Toribio JLML. Climate change perception and impacts on cattle production in pastoral communities of northern Tanzania. Pastoralism. 2018; 8(1):19. DOI: 10.1186/s13570-018-0125-5
Awinia CS. The sociology of intra-African pastoralist migration: the case of Tanzania. Front Sociol. 2020;5 | Article 518797:518797. DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2020.518797, PMID 33869477
Franzel S, Sinja J, Simpson B. Farmer-to-Farmer Extension in Kenya: the perspectives of organizations using the approach. Working Paper No. 181. Nairobi: World Agro-forestry Centre; 2014;37.
Simpson BM, Franzel S, Degrande A, Kundhlande G, Tsafack S. Farmer-to-Farmer Extension: issues in planning and implementation. Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development. 2015;8.
Piya L, Maharjan KL, Joshi NP. Determinants of adaptation practices to climate change by Chepang households in the rural Mid-Hills of Nepal. Reg Environ Change. 2013;13(2):437-47. DOI: 10.1007/s10113-012-0359-5
Syngenta. Agricultural Extension: Improving the livelihood of smallholder farmers; 2014.
Available:http://www.syngentafoundation.org/index.cfm?pageID=594 site [visited on 5/9/2014]
Howden SM, Soussana JF, Tubiello FN, Chhetri N, Dunlop M, Meinke H. Adapting agriculture to climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(50):19691-6. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701890104, PMID 18077402
Gebrehiwot T, van der Veen A. Farm level adaptation to climate change: the case of farmer’s in the Ethiopian Highlands. Environ Manage. 2013;52(1): 29-44. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0039-3, PMID 23728486
Mwakaje A. The impact of climate change and variability on agro-pastoralists’ economy in Tanzania. Environ Econ. 2013; 4(1):30-8.
Below TB, Mutabazi KD, Kirschke D, Franke C, Sieber S, Siebert R et al. Can farmers’ adaptation to climate change be explained by socio-economic household‐ level variables? Glob Environ Change. 2012;22(1):223-35.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.11.012
M. AL, A. EM. Impacts of climate change, variability and adaptation strategies on agriculture in semi arid areas of Tanzania: the case of Manyoni district in Singida region, Tanzania. Afr J Environ Sci Technol. 2009;3(8):206-18.
DOI: 10.5897/AJEST09.099
Sanga GJ, Moshi AB, Hella JP. Small scale farmers’ adaptation to climate change effects in Pangani river basin and Pemba: Challenges and opportunities. Int J Mod Soc Sci. 2013;2(3):169-94.
Komba C, Muchapondwa E. Adaptation to climate change by smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Working Paper No. 299. Cape Town, South Africa: Economic Research Southern Africa. 2012;33.
Sangeda AZ, Malole JL. Tanzanian rangelands in a changing climate: Impacts, adaptations and mitigation. Net J Agric Sci. 2014;2(1):1-10.
Goldman MJ, Riosmena F. Adaptive capacity in Tanzanian Maasai-land: changing strategies to cope with drought in fragmented landscapes. Glob Environ Change. 2013;23(3):588-97. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.02.010, PMID 25400331
Lynn S. The Pastoral to Agro-pastoral Transition in Tanzania: Human adaptation in an ecosystem context; 2010.
Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265309217 site [visited on 15/11/2016].
Nassef M, Anderson S, Hesse C. Pastoralism and Climate Change: enabling adaptive capacity. London: Overseas Development Institute. 2009;35.
Neumann J, Morgenstern O. Theory of games and economic behaviour. 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1947;625.
Zuluaga V, Labarta R, Läderach P. Climate change adaptation: The case of the coffee sector in Nicaragua. In: Proceeding of agricultural and applied economics association and western agricultural economics association annual meeting. San Francisco. 2015;1-39.
Acquah-de H. Farmers’ perceptions and adaptation to climate change: A willingness to pay analysis. J Sustain Dev Afr. 2011;13(5):150-61.
Fosu-Mensah B, Vlek P, Manschadi M. Farmers’ perceptions and adaptations to climate change: A Case Study of Sekyedumase district in Ghana. A contributed Paper Presented at World Food Systems Conference in Tropentag. Zurich: 14 – 16 September. 2010;1-6.
Below T, Artner A, Siebert R, Sieber S. Microlevel practices to adapt to climate change for African small-scale farmers. Discussion Paper No. 00953. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. 2010;20.
Greene WH, editor. Econometric analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Ltd. 2012;1238.
Lin CJ, Jensen KL, Yen ST. Awareness of food borne pathogens among US consumers. Food Qual Preference. 2005; 16(5):401-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2004.07.001
Hassan R, Nhemachena C. Determinants of African farmers’ strategies for adapting to climate change: multinomial choice analysis. Afr J Agric Resour Econ. 2008;2 (1):83-104.
Asfaw S, Palma A, Lipper L. Diversifications strategies and adaptation deficit: evidence from rural communities in Niger. ESA Working Paper No. 2. 2016;45.
Asfaw S, McCarthy N, Lipper L, Arslan A, Cattaneo A, Kachulu M. Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in Malawi. ESA Working Paper No. 8. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization. 2014;35.
Ogunsola GO, Olugbire O, Oyekale AS, Aremu FJ. Understanding perception and adaptation to climate change among cocoa farmers in tropical condition. Ethiop J Env Stud & Manag. 2015;8(1):816-25. DOI: 10.4314/ejesm.v8i1.9S
Mabuza ML, Sithole MM, Wale E, Ortmann GF, Darroch MAG. Factors influencing the use of alternative land cultivation technologies in Swaziland: implications for smallholder farming on customary Swazi Nation Land. Land Use Policy. 2013;33:71-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.12.009
-
Abstract View: 19 times
PDF Download: 16 times
